single, teen or unstable families; no or poor health care; lack of early education and enrichment; child abuse and neglect; failing schools that don’t teach them to read, write or compute; grade retention, suspension and expulsion; questionable special education placements or dropping out; unaddressed mental health problems; absent fathers or incarcerated parents; violent neighborhoods; and disproportionate involvement in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems.

These accumulated and convergent risks form a Cradle to Prison Pipeline,

A Black boy born in 2001 has a 1 in 3 chance of going to prison in his lifetime; a Latino boy a 1 in 6 chance; and a White boy a 1 in 17 chance.
Overview
 
trapping these children in a trajectory that leads to marginalized lives, imprisonment and often premature death. 
  

Black babies are almost four times as likely as White babies to have their mothers die in childbirth and are more than twice as likely as White babies to be born at very low birthweight and to die before their first birthday. 
  

Black children are more than three times as likely as White children to be born into poverty and to be poor, and are more than four times as likely to live in extreme poverty. One in 3 Latino babies and 2 in 4 Black babies are born into poverty; 1 in 4 Latino children and 1 in 3 Black children are poor. Between 2000–2006, poor Latino children increased by more than 500,000 (to 4.1 million) and poor Black children increased 132,000 (to 3.8 million). 
  

Latino children are three times as likely and Black children are 70 percent more likely to be uninsured than White children. 
  

Nine in 10 uninsured Latino children and 3 in 4 uninsured Black children have a working parent. Almost three-quarters of Latino children and more than half of Black children have a parent who works full-time throughout the year. 
  

Twice as many Black children are in foster care as we would expect given their representation among all children. They represent 16 percent of the general population but 32 percent of the foster care population. 
  

Children who age out of foster care are less likely to graduate from high school or college, experience more serious mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder, than children generally; are less likely to receive adequate health and mental health care; are more likely to experience homelessness; and to be involved in the criminal justice system. 
  

A Black boy born in 2001 has a 1 in 3 chance of going to prison in his lifetime; a Black girl has a 1 in 17 chance. A Latino boy born in 2001 has a 1 in 6 chance of going to prison in his lifetime; a Latino girl has a 1 in 45 chance. 
  

About 580,000 Black males are serving sentences in state or federal prison, while fewer than 40,000 Black males earn a bachelor’s degree each year. One in 3 Black men, 20–29 years old, is under correctional supervision or control. 
  

Black juveniles are about four times as likely as their White peers to be incarcerated. Black youths are almost five times as likely to be incarcerated as White youths for drug offenses. 
  

According to a Harvard Civil Rights Project and Urban Institute report, only 50 percent of Black and 53 percent of Latino students graduated from high school on time with a regular diploma in 2001. 
  

When Black children do graduate from high school, they have a greater chance of being unemployed and a lower chance of going directly to full-time college than White high school graduates.